GEOGRAPHY FOR UPSC STUDY NOTES-II

 GEOGRAPHY FOR UPSC STUDY NOTES-II

India, located in South Asia, is a geographically diverse country with a wide range of physical features. Here in Geography for UPSC gives an overview of the key elements of Indian physical geography:

geography of india for upsc

  1. Himalayan Mountain Range: The northern border of India is defined by the majestic Himalayan mountain range. It stretches over 2,400 kilometres and is home to some of the world's highest peaks, including Mount Everest. The Himalayas serve as a natural barrier and play a vital role in the country's climate patterns.

  2. Northern Plains: South of the Himalayas lies the vast fertile Northern Plains, also known as the Indo-Gangetic Plains. These plains are formed by the alluvial deposits of the rivers Ganga, Yamuna, Brahmaputra, and their tributaries. The region is highly suitable for agriculture and supports a dense population.

  3. Peninsular Plateau: The southern part of India consists of the Peninsular Plateau, which is a large triangular landmass surrounded by the Arabian Sea to the west and the Bay of Bengal to the east. It is characterized by a diverse landscape of hills, plateaus, and valleys.

  4. The Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats: Running parallel to the western and eastern coasts of India, respectively, the Western Ghats and the Eastern Ghats are two mountain ranges. They are known for their rich biodiversity and are home to several wildlife sanctuaries and national parks.

  5. Thar Desert: Located in the northwestern part of India, the Thar Desert is a hot and arid region, also known as the Great Indian Desert. It experiences scorching temperatures during summers and very low rainfall.

  6. Coastline: India has a long coastline of approximately 7,500 kilometres, bordered by the Arabian Sea to the west, the Bay of Bengal to the east, and the Indian Ocean to the south. The coastline is dotted with numerous ports and harbours.

  7. Islands: India includes various islands in the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea. The Andaman and Nicobar Islands lie to the southeast of the mainland, while the Lakshadweep Islands are located off the southwest coast.

  8. Rivers: India has an extensive network of rivers. Apart from the major rivers like the Ganga, Yamuna, Brahmaputra, and Godavari, many others are essential for irrigation, transportation, and livelihoods.

  9. Climate: India experiences a diverse climate due to its vast size and geographical features. It has tropical, subtropical, arid, and alpine climatic zones, resulting in varying weather conditions across the country.

The unique geographical features of India have a significant impact on its culture, economy, and environment. The country's physical diversity contributes to its rich biodiversity and makes it a fascinating subject of study for geographers and nature enthusiasts alike.

F.A.Q :-

1. What are the major physical features of India?
The major physical features of India include the Himalayas, Ganges and Indus river systems, Thar Desert, Deccan Plateau, and the coastal plains along the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal.

2. How does the climate vary across India?
India has a diverse climate due to its size and geographical features. It ranges from tropical in the south to temperate in the north. The country experiences monsoon seasons, with heavy rainfall during summer and dry winters.

3. What are the ecological challenges facing India?
India faces various ecological challenges, including deforestation, soil erosion, air and water pollution, and habitat loss. These issues impact biodiversity, climate change, and the overall well-being of both humans and wildlife.

4. How does the geography of India impact agriculture?
The geography of India plays a vital role in agriculture. The fertile alluvial plains of the rivers support the growth of crops. The availability of water from the rivers and monsoon rains enables the cultivation of a wide range of agricultural products.

5. 1. Which natural disasters commonly affect India?
India is prone to various natural disasters. Some of the most common Q: What include floods, cyclones, major earthquakes, landforms droughts, and India?
landslides. This natural A: disasters in India have significant home impacts on the lives, Himalayas, infrastructure, Thar and Desert, the Western economy Ghats, and the affected Indo-Gangetic regions. Plain, along with numerous rivers and coastal plains.

2. Q: Which climate types can be found in India?
A: India experiences a diverse range of climate types, including tropical, subtropical, arid, and alpine, due to its vast size and geographical features.

3. Q: How does the monsoon system impact India's geography?
A: The monsoon system brings heavy rainfall from June to September, shaping India's rivers, vegetation, and agricultural practices across the country.

4. Q: What are the major rivers in India?
A: India is blessed with significant rivers like Ganges, Brahmaputra, Yamuna, Godavari, and Krishna, alongside others, which play a crucial role in its geography and livelihoods.

5. Q: What are the ecological concerns in India?
A: India faces environmental challenges such as deforestation, pollution, loss of biodiversity, and land degradation that impact both urban and rural landscapes, requiring sustainable conservation efforts.

Comments

Post a Comment

People also read

ECONOMY NOTES FOR UPSC-I

Image
ECONOMY FOR UPSC PRE-INDEPENDENCE  The Economy For Upsc is one of the core subjects of UPSC preparation. India before independence was primarily agrarian and characterized by colonial rule under the British Empire. Here are some key details about the economy during that period. Agriculture :  The Indian economy heavily relied on agriculture, with the majority of the population engaged in farming. The British implemented various policies that focused on cash crops like indigo, jute, cotton, and opium, which were exported to Britain. This led to the neglect of food crops and caused famines in many parts of the country. Land Ownership :  The British introduced the Zamindari system, where a few landlords (zamindars) were given control of large landholdings. This system led to exploitation and high land revenue demands from the peasants, resulting in widespread poverty and indebtedness. Industrialization:  India's industrial development was limited under British rule. The...
Read more

POLITY NOTES FOR UPSC PREPARATION - I

Image
  INDIAN POLITY NOTES FOR UPSC-I Indian polity is a fascinating and complex tapestry that weaves together the diversity and democracy of the world's largest democracy. With a rich historical heritage and a constantly evolving present, India's political landscape remains a subject of great interest for aspirants preparing for the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) examination. This article polity notes for Upsc aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the Indian polity, covering its historical background, key institutions, federal structure, fundamental rights, and recent developments. Historical Background: The roots of Indian polity can be traced back to ancient times when diverse kingdoms and republics governed the Indian subcontinent. The Mauryan and Gupta empires, as well as numerous regional rulers, left a lasting impact on the political structure. However, it was under British colonial rule that modern Indian polity began to take shape. The British introduced vario...
Read more

ANCIENT HISTORY NOTES FOR UPSC -I

Image
  ANCIENT INDIAN HISTORY NOTES FOR UPSC Ancient Indian History has a rich and diverse history that spans thousands of years, beginning with the Indus Valley Civilization around 2500 BCE and continuing through various empires and kingdoms until the end of the Gupta Empire in the 6th century CE. During this time, India witnessed remarkable advancements in art, culture, and architecture, leaving behind a legacy that continues to influence the region today. Indus Valley Civilization (2500 BCE - 1500 BCE):   The Indus Valley Civilization, also known as the Harappan Civilization, was one of the earliest urban civilizations in the world. Excavations at sites like Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro have revealed well-planned cities with advanced drainage systems, public baths, and multi-story houses. The civilization's art mainly consisted of pottery, seals, and sculptures, depicting animals, humans, and intricate patterns. Vedic Period (1500 BCE - 600 BCE):   The Vedic period is character...
Read more

Best Books For UPSC Preparation

Image
BEST BOOKS FOR UPSC PREPARATION The Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) examination is one of the most prestigious and challenging competitive exams in India. Aspiring civil servants embark on a rigorous journey to secure a position in the Indian Administrative Service (IAS), Indian Police Service (IPS), or other Group A and B services. With the vast syllabus and intense competition, UPSC preparation demands a well-structured and comprehensive approach. Among various resources, books play a pivotal role in providing reliable and relevant information. In this article, we will explore some of the best books for UPSC preparation, covering various subjects and areas of focus. "India's Struggle for Independence" by Bipan Chandra Understanding India's history is crucial for the UPSC exam. Bipan Chandra's "India's Struggle for Independence" offers a comprehensive account of the Indian freedom struggle, from the pre-independence era to the partition of In...
Read more