GEOGRAPHY FOR UPSC STUDY NOTES- I

 GEOGRAPHY FOR UPSC NOTES - I

Geography is an important subject for the UPSC (Union Public Service Commission) examination, which is one of the most prestigious competitive exams in India. It is a vast and diverse field that covers various aspects of the Earth's physical and human landscapes. Here are some brief notes on key topics in geography that can be helpful for UPSC preparation:


geography for upsc


  1. Physical Geography:

    • Earth's Structure: The Earth is divided into three main layers - the core, mantle, and crust.
    • Plate Tectonics: The movement of tectonic plates leads to earthquakes, volcanic activities, and the formation of mountains and oceanic trenches.
    • Landforms: Study of major landforms like mountains, plateaus, plains, valleys, deserts, etc.
    • Climate and Weather: Understanding the factors influencing climate patterns and the difference between weather and climate.
    • Biomes: Different ecological regions like tropical rainforests, deserts, tundra, etc.

  2. Human Geography:

    • Population and Migration: Study of population distribution, growth, demographic transition, and migration patterns.
    • Urbanization: Understanding urban growth, challenges, and the concept of smart cities.
    • Settlements: Different types of settlements and their characteristics.
    • Economic Geography: Factors influencing economic activities, industries, agriculture, and trade.
    • Resource Distribution: Study of natural resources like minerals, water, energy, etc.

  3. Indian Geography:

    • Physical Features: Mountains (Himalayas, Western Ghats, Eastern Ghats), rivers (Ganga, Yamuna, Brahmaputra), plateaus, and plains.
    • Climate: India's diverse climate zones and monsoonal pattern.
    • Agriculture: Major crops, cropping patterns, Green Revolution, and challenges in the agricultural sector.
    • Industries: Industrial regions, mineral-based industries, and the impact of liberalization on the Indian economy.

  4. World Geography:

    • Continents and Oceans: Locations and characteristics of major continents and oceans.
    • Major Landmarks: Study of important geographical features like the Amazon Rainforest, Sahara Desert, the Great Barrier Reef, etc.
    • Global Environmental Issues: Climate change, deforestation, biodiversity loss, and sustainable development.

  5. Environmental Geography:

    • Ecosystems: Understanding different ecosystems and their components.
    • Environmental Degradation: Causes, consequences, and solutions for issues like pollution, deforestation, and desertification.
    • Conservation Efforts: Efforts to protect endangered species, natural reserves, and international agreements on the environment.

Remember, this is just a brief overview of key topics in geography for UPSC preparation. It is essential to delve deeper into each subject and keep up with current affairs related to geography and environmental issues. Additionally, practising previous years' question papers and taking mock tests can be beneficial for scoring well in the UPSC examination. Good luck with your studies!

F.A.Q:-

Q1: What is the capital city of India?
A1: The capital city of India is New Delhi, located in the northern part of the country.

Q2: Which river is considered sacred in India?
A2: The Ganges River is considered sacred in India, playing a significant role in religious rituals and cultural practices.

Q3: What is the highest mountain peak in India?
A3: The highest mountain peak in India is Mount Kanchenjunga, standing at an elevation of 8,586 meters (28,169 feet) in the Himalayas.

Q4: What is the climate like in southern India?
A4: Southern India experiences a tropical climate characterized by hot and humid conditions throughout the year, with heavy rainfall during the monsoon season.

Q5: What is the largest city in India by population?
A5: Mumbai, also known as Bombay, is the largest city in India by population, home to over 20 million people. It is in the western part of the country.

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